Biomarkers 101

Your guide to understanding the molecular fingerprints of aging and health

The Evolution of Biomarker Discovery

Early Clinical Markers

Blood pressure, body temperature, and heart rate become standard health indicators

1900s
1950s

Biochemical Revolution

Cholesterol, glucose, and protein levels enter clinical practice

Genomic Era

DNA sequencing reveals genetic markers for disease risk and drug response

2000s
2013

Epigenetic Clocks Born

Steve Horvath creates the first DNA methylation clock, launching the era of molecular aging measurement

What Are Biomarkers?

Biomarkers are like molecular fingerprints that reveal what's happening inside your body at the cellular level. Just as detectives use fingerprints to solve mysteries, scientists use biomarkers to understand health status, predict disease risk, and monitor how treatments are working. These biological indicators can be found in blood, saliva, urine, or even extracted from cheek swabs, making them accessible windows into our internal biological processes.

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Genomic

DNA sequence variations that affect disease risk

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Epigenetic

Chemical modifications that control gene activity

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Proteomic

Protein levels that indicate cellular function

Click on a biomarker type above to learn more!

The Power of Epigenetic Clocks

Among the most revolutionary biomarkers are epigenetic clocks – sophisticated algorithms that analyze DNA methylation patterns to estimate biological age. Unlike chronological age (how many years you've lived), biological age reflects how well your cells and tissues are functioning. These molecular timepieces can reveal whether you're aging faster or slower than expected, and more importantly, they can change in response to lifestyle interventions, medical treatments, and environmental factors. This makes them powerful tools for both understanding aging processes and monitoring the effectiveness of anti-aging interventions.

Compare Your Ages

45

Chronological Age

Years since birth

42

Biological Age

Cellular health age

Why TranslAGE Matters

The challenge with biomarkers, especially epigenetic clocks, is that there are now hundreds of different versions, each with varying strengths and weaknesses. Some excel at predicting disease risk, others respond better to interventions, and some are more stable over time. TranslAGE solves this confusion by systematically evaluating over 1,800 epigenetic biomarkers across the S.T.A.R. Framework – four critical performance domains: Stable (robustness to confounders), Treatment Response (sensitivity to interventions), Associations (baseline disease links), and Risk (future disease and mortality prediction). This comprehensive evaluation helps researchers and clinicians choose the right biomarkers for their specific applications, accelerating the translation of this powerful technology from research laboratories to clinical practice and personal health monitoring.

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